Production RegionsPrimarily produced in the Chinese provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu, Heilongjiang, Hebei.
Macroscopic FeaturesLong inverse oval or elliptical shape, externally pale grayish-brown to black-brown, smooth, with thin longitudinal pattern; apex is blunt round, slightly wide, with one circle, center has spotted remnants of style, base is slightly narrow. Hard texture, 2 cotyledons after being broken. Pale yellowish-white, oily. faint odor, tasteless.
Quality RequirementsSuperior medicinal material is pale yellowish-white, oily.
FunctionsClears heat, resolves toxin, comforts liver, promotes gall bladder. Apply to damp-heat of live and gall bladder, hypochondrium pain, jaundice.
OriginThe dried whole herb and achene of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaerth.(Asteraceae)